Waveguide probe antenna is a special antenna commonly used for signal transmission and reception in high frequency, microwave and millimeter wave bands.

It realizes signal radiation and reception based on the characteristics of waveguides. A waveguide is a transmission medium made of conductive materials with a cavity structure inside. Waveguide probe antennas are usually made of metal and are in the shape of a hollow tube with a prescribed geometric structure. The working principle of the waveguide probe antenna can be simply described as the following steps: Transmission: When the electromagnetic signal enters the waveguide probe antenna from the transmitting device, the signal enters the interior of the cavity through the waveguide. The geometry and size of the cavity determine whether signals in a specific frequency band can be transmitted through the waveguide. Radiation: Once the signal enters the interior of the cavity, it interacts with the electric field of the waveguide and radiates out at the opening of the waveguide. The opening shape and size of the waveguide will determine the radiation characteristics of the antenna, such as radiation direction, radiation power, etc. Reception: When an external electromagnetic signal enters the opening of the waveguide probe, it excites an electric field inside the waveguide. The waveguide transmits this electric field signal to a receiver or detection device for analysis and processing. The working principle of the waveguide probe antenna gives it some advantages, such as high radiation efficiency, low loss, strong anti-interference ability, etc. It is often used in applications such as radar, wireless communications, satellite communications, microwave ovens, and antenna arrays to meet the transmission and reception needs of high-frequency, microwave, and millimeter wave signals.